1. As in 'boreal species': A species occuring in subarctic (Northern hemisphere) and subantarctic (Southern hemisphere) zones, although Austral is the preferred term for the latter. For example: the distribution of Dolichopus maculipennis Zett. is given as "arctic-high boreal" by Ringdahl (1951) and as "a boreal moorland species" from the Soviet Union, Finland, Sweden, Norway and Denmark by Stackleberg (1933).
2. As in 'boreal' region, habitat or system: Subarctic ecosystems (Northern hemisphere).