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Hi Roger,

I dont know what you mean by squares in carparks...

However, identifications based on distribution is not a strong basis for an argument. I know that Jens-Hermann Stuke and (I think) David Clements tried to identify male Leopoldius by examining the male terminalia. And failed. I've looked at all the pinned material from the Netherlands and most males are very similar. Very few have a black face mark and L. signatus is very common here. Maybe males can be identified, but then one has to sequence a good number and show that facial colour indeed corresponds to species.

Kind regards,

Ectemnius