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Acalyptratae

Acalyptratae is a subsection of Schizophora, commonly referred to as the acalyptrate muscoids (or simply acalpytrates). It is a very large assemblage, exhibiting very diverse habits. The name refers to the lack of calypters in the members of this group of flies.
Links: Diptera classification

acalyptrate

Acalyptratae (synonym)

acalyptrates

Acalyptratae (synonym)

anterodorsal (synonym)

adventive species

A species that has arrived in the geographical area specified from somewhere else by any means (for instance with cargo). Compare with invasive species

header=[invasive species] body=[A species that is expanding its range, often but not always detrimentally (causing 'harm'). Compare with adventive species.<br />
Links: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasive_species; http://www.invasive.org/browse/order.cfm?id=58 (Invasive and exotic Diptera on www.invasive org).<br />
<br /><img src='../../infusions//terms/images/no_image.gif' style='vertical-align:middle;'>] delay=[0] fade=[on]

allotype

From the ICZN: 'The term "allotype" may be used to indicate a specimen of opposite sex to the holotype

header=[holotype] body=[The single specimen designated or otherwise fixed as the name-bearing type of a nominal species or subspecies when the nominal taxon is established. (From the Glossary of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature) (http://www.diptera.info/weblinks.php?cat_id=5&weblink_id=72).<br /><img src='../../infusions//terms/images/no_image.gif' style='vertical-align:middle;'>] delay=[0] fade=[on]

; an "allotype" has no name-bearing function.'

alpha taxonomy

The first stage in taxonomy, viz. the descriptive stage which is concerned with the characterisation and naming of species. An example of a taxonomic exercise at the alpha level is:
Hines, J.S., 1911. New species of Diptera of the genus Erax. - The Ohio Naturalist 11(6): 307-311.
The next two stages in taxonomy are systematising (beta taxonomy) and evolutionary studies (gamma taxonomy).

anal cell

posterior cubital cell (synonym)

anterior

Located in the direction of the head when considering a position along the longitudinal axis. Even a structure near the apex

header=[apex] body=[Plural: apices. The end of something 'protruding from' or 'attached to' the (imaginary) center of the body or the end removed from the center of the body. For example, the end of the wing (apex of the wing), the abdomen (apex of the abdomen), the tibia (apex of the tibia), etc.<br /><img src='../../infusions//terms/images/no_image.gif' style='vertical-align:middle;'>] delay=[0] fade=[on]

of the abdomen has a side that is directed towards the head end and another that is directed towards the apex of the abdomen. Likewise, every structure perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the body (leg, wing) has a side that is directed towards the head.

anterodorsal

Located in the plane between anterior

header=[anterior] body=[Located in the direction of the head when considering a position along the longitudinal axis. Even a structure near the apex of the abdomen has a side that is directed towards the head end and another that is directed towards the apex of the abdomen. Likewise, every structure perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the body (leg, wing) has a side that is directed towards the head. <br />
<br />
<br /><img src='http://www.diptera.info/images/orientation.gif' style='vertical-align:middle;'>] delay=[0] fade=[on]

and dorsal

header=[dorsal] body=[1. Located on the dorsum. For legs this means that these are considered as if they were in the position as given in the illustration. So, even if a leg is pointing upwards in a specimen, one should image that the leg was positioned in a horizontal plane, perpendicular to the body axis.<br />
<br />
2. Located in a more position towards the dorsum. For example, a seta can be located dorsal to another seta.<br />
<br />
Opposite: ventral.<br /><img src='http://www.diptera.info/images/orientation.gif' style='vertical-align:middle;'>] delay=[0] fade=[on]

anteroventral

Located in the plane between anterior

and ventral

header=[ventral] body=[1. Located on the venter. For legs this means that these are considered as if they were in the position as given in the illustration. So, even if a leg is pointing upwards in a specimen, one should image that the leg was positioned in a horizontal plane, perpendicular to the body axis.<br />
<br />
2. Located in a more position towards the venter. For example, a seta can be located ventral to another seta.<br />
<br />
Opposite: dorsal.<br /><img src='http://www.diptera.info/images/orientation.gif' style='vertical-align:middle;'>] delay=[0] fade=[on]

anthropogenic

Originating from the activity of humans.
Example 1: The most serious historic anthropogenic stress on robber fly (Asilidae) populations has been the destruction of grassland habitat.' Robert A. Cannings Analysis of trends in species occurrence and abundance.
Example 2: 'Musca domestica has an anthropogenic distribution', meaning it has a distibution that is mainly determined by the spreading of the species by man.

apex

Plural: apices. The end of something 'protruding from' or 'attached to' the (imaginary) center of the body or the end removed from the center of the body. For example, the end of the wing (apex of the wing), the abdomen (apex of the abdomen), the tibia (apex of the tibia), etc.

apical

The adjective of apex

. Example: 'Arista header=[Arista] body=[The Glossary contains no matching items. It may have been added using different lettering, so you can click the Term to check this. Otherwise, contact the Administrator to report this error. <img src='../../infusions//terms/images/no_image.gif' style='vertical-align:middle;'>] delay=[0] fade=[on]

header=[Arista] body=[The Glossary contains no matching items.<br />It may have been added using different lettering,<br />so you can click the Term to check this.<br />Otherwise, contact the Administrator to report this error.<br /><img src='../../infusions//terms/images/no_image.gif' style='vertical-align:middle;'>] delay=[0] fade=[on]

commonly bare on apical half' means that the second half of the arista (starting from the third antennal segment) is bare. Opposite of basal header=[basal] body=[The adjective base. Example: 'Arista commonly plumose on basal half' means that the half of the arista which arises from the third antennal segment is plumose. Opposite of apical. <img src='../../infusions//terms/images/no_image.gif' style='vertical-align:middle;'>] delay=[0] fade=[on]

header=[basal] body=[The adjective base. Example: 'Arista commonly plumose on basal half' means that the half of the arista which arises from the third antennal segment is plumose. Opposite of apical.<br /><img src='../../infusions//terms/images/no_image.gif' style='vertical-align:middle;'>] delay=[0] fade=[on]

apple maggot

Vernacular name for the pest Rhagoletis pomonella of the Tephritidae (fruit flies header=[fruit flies] body=[Vernacular name used for different families of flies. The more generally accepted use is for the family Tephritidae, though in the Old World also commonly used for the family Drosophilidae. <img src='../../infusions//terms/images/no_image.gif' style='vertical-align:middle;'>] delay=[0] fade=[on]

header=[fruit flies] body=[Vernacular name used for different families of flies. The more generally accepted use is for the family Tephritidae, though in the Old World also commonly used for the family Drosophilidae.<br /><img src='../../infusions//terms/images/no_image.gif' style='vertical-align:middle;'>] delay=[0] fade=[on]

).
Links: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_maggot.

apterous

Without wings, wingless. See aptery

aptery

A condition where a specimen has no wings. A distinction should be made between the shedding of wings (e.g., some louse flies [Hippoboscidae] when they have found a suitable host) and the non-development of wings.
Aptery is often found in species that have a parasitic, terrestrial or even subterranean life style or that are found in other circumstances where wings are of little uses (e.g., boreal

header=[boreal] body=[1. As in 'boreal species': A species occuring in subarctic (Northern hemisphere) and subantarctic (Southern hemisphere) zones, although Austral is the preferred term for the latter. For example: the distribution of Dolichopus maculipennis Zett. is given as "arctic-high boreal" by Ringdahl (1951) and as "a boreal moorland species" from the Soviet Union, Finland, Sweden, Norway and Denmark by Stackleberg (1933).<br />
2. As in 'boreal' region, habitat or system: Subarctic ecosystems (Northern hemisphere).<br />
<br /><img src='../../infusions//terms/images/no_image.gif' style='vertical-align:middle;'>] delay=[0] fade=[on]

conditions or locations without natural enemies like some oceanic islands).
Within certain species apterous individuals may occur next to brachypterous header=[brachypterous] body=[With short wings, short-winged. See brachyptery. <img src='../../infusions//terms/images/no_image.gif' style='vertical-align:middle;'>] delay=[0] fade=[on]

header=[brachypterous] body=[With short wings, short-winged. See brachyptery.<br /><img src='../../infusions//terms/images/no_image.gif' style='vertical-align:middle;'>] delay=[0] fade=[on]

individuals and/or fully winged individuals.

arbovirus

Shortened form of arthropod-borne virus. Arboviruses can cause minor human illnesses such as slight fevers and rashes or they can cause potentially fatal human illnesses such as encephalitis (inflammation of the brain). They are also responsible for diseases of cattleand horses. Diptera are the most usual vectors and much dipterological research is devoted to them.

arista

Hair-like appendage of the third antennal segment (first flagellomere) in most calyptrate and acalyptrate flies.

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